UNITED NATIONS, Dec 2 (IPS) - People in seven majority Muslim countries favour a more active United Nations with broader powers, while simultaneously viewing the world body as dominated by the U.S. and failing to deal with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, according to a new poll by WorldPublicOpinion.org, a global network of research centres.
The survey was conducted in Egypt, Turkey, Jordan, Iran, Indonesia, the Palestinian Territories and Azerbaijan. Nigeria, which has a 50 percent Muslim population, was also polled.
The survey found conflicted attitudes towards the United Nations. There was, however, clear support for a U.N. with much broader powers than it has today. Asked about a number of options for giving the U.N. greater powers, nearly all received strong support.
Steven Kull, director of WorldPublicOpinion.org, told IPS: “If we compare the results in Muslim-dominated countries to those in other regions, there is virtually consensus around the world on giving the U.N. more powers. This consensus is rather striking.”
“While many people in Muslim countries express disappointment with the U.N., this actually masks their underlying desire for a U.N. that is robust and powerful,” Kull said.
An average of 64 percent of the people polled in all nations favoured the U.N. Security Council having its own standing peacekeeping force. With 80 percent, Nigeria supported this idea the most, whereas Egypt was the most torn nation on this issue with 53 percent in favour of it and 47 percent opposing a standing force.
An average of 63 percent would like the Security Council to have the authority to go into countries to investigate human rights violations. Nigeria (79 percent) and Azerbaijan (77 percent) were the strongest supporters of this mandate, whereas Turkey (47 percent) was the weakest.
An average of 76 percent of all people polled want the Security Council to have the right to authorise military force to stop a country from supporting terrorist groups or to prevent severe human rights violations such as genocide (average 77 percent). There was, however, a wide perception in the nations polled that the U.N. is dominated by the United States.
“One of the reasons for this may be the fact that the U.S. used their veto to prevent resolutions of the Security Council dealing with Israel,” Kull noted.
In all but one nation, the most common view was that the “U.S. basically controls the U.N. and can almost always make the U.N. do what the U.S. wants”, as opposed to the view that “through its veto the U.S. can stop the U.N. from doing things, but the U.S. cannot make the U.N. do things the U.S. wants.”
The view of the U.N. as controlled by the United States was endorsed by 68 percent of Egyptians, 63 percent of Palestinians, 59 percent of Jordanians, and 53 percent of Turks. In Indonesia, 43 percent agree, while 13 percent said the U.S. can only stop the U.N. from doing things (44 percent did not answer). The only exception was Azerbaijan, where a plurality said the U.S. can stop the U.N. from acting, but cannot make it do what the U.S. wants (49 percent to 36 percent).
Respondents were also asked to assess a variety of U.N. efforts, rating them on a scale from zero, meaning “not all helpful”, to 10, meaning “extremely helpful.” Ratings were generally lukewarm at best, WorldPublicOpinion.org said.
The lowest ratings were for U.N. efforts “to resolve the Israel-Palestinian conflict.” The mean response was 3.7 with the lowest ratings coming from Jordanians (2.5) and Palestinians (2.6). Only Azerbaijanis were above 5 (5.3). Low ratings of U.N. performance on the Israel-Palestinian conflict are highly correlated with the perception that the U.S. controls the U.N.
Kull told IPS: “People would like the U.N. to resolve the problems. They are disappointed that it has not occurred.”
Also very low were ratings of U.N. efforts to resolve the conflict in Darfur. The mean rating was 3.8. The lowest ratings came from Jordanians (2.6), and the highest from Indonesians (5.3).
The most positive ratings were for the U.N.’s performance in providing humanitarian aid, ranging from 4.5 (Palestinians) to 7.8 (Indonesians), with a mean of 5.9. Nearly as high were U.N. peacekeeping operations, with a mean of 5.3, ranging from 3.5 (Palestinians) to 7.5 (Indonesians). U.N. efforts to address climate change received mixed reviews, with three nations above 5, three below 5 and a mean of 4.6.
WorldPublicOpinion.org is a project managed by the Programme on International Policy Attitudes at the University of Maryland. The survey was conducted in two waves over Jan. 12-Feb. 18 and Jul. 21-Aug. 31, 2008. Some 11,538 people participated. Margins of error range from +/-two to five percent. Not all questions were asked in all countries.
No comments:
Post a Comment