Ashfaque Swapan, Posted: Jun 01, 2009
Bhagat Singh Bilga, the last surviving member of the pre-Independence Gadar Party founded in San Francisco, died May 22 in Birmingham, England, at his son’s residence. He was 102.
The Hindustan Gadar Party was founded in 1913 by U.S.-based Indians to join in the struggle for India’s independence. The freedom fighters of the party published a weekly paper called “Gadar” to propagate the cause of Indian independence. In August 1914, when the party called on overseas Indians to return to India to fight for its freedom, most living in North America heeded the call and no fewer than 8,000 of them were said to have returned to India to take part in the revolution. Bilga signed up for the movement much later, in 1931. He was 24 then, and had just reached the Argentina in search of a job.
Till his death, he remained alert, informed and engaged in the issues of the day, people who had met him told India-West.
“Meeting Bhagat Singh Bilga at the age of 96 was like reliving the revolutionary history of the Gadar Movement,” recalled poet, folklorist and Gadar scholar Ved Prakash Vatuk.
“With his sharp memory and his deep conviction . . . his description of the events of twentieth century was like watching a real drama on the stage.
The Gadar revolutionaries are celebrated for their battle for India’s freedom, but they also had a passionately held and deeply non-sectarian, egalitarian agenda.
Bilga remained committed to the broad goals of the left in terms of economic emancipation of the downtrodden, but he kept away from the divisive ideological squabbles.
During the Khalistan agitation, he was one of very few Sikh leaders who was openly and unreservedly against what he considered a sectarian movement.
Sukirat Anand, who edits Bilga’s favorite Punjabi daily newspaper, the Jalandhar-based “Nawa Zamana” (New Age), had met Bilga many times. “The thing which struck me always about Bilga was … he always kept himself abreast of whatever was happening around him,” Anand recalled. “I think for the last 10 or even 15 years he knew about everything that was happening… he would be very coherent, he would never ramble.”
Vatuk recalled Bilga’s fearless stance for what he thought was right. “During the agitation for Khalistan, Bilga fearlessly went from village to village in Punjab where he could have been killed anytime,” he said.
In addition to his role in the Gadar Party, Bilga’s lasting legacy is the Desh Bhagat Yadgar Hall, the facility he built with public donations in Jalandhar.
Anand said Bilga was held in enormously high regard in Punjab across the political spectrum. Former Prime Minister I.K. Gujral called him “a legend.”
“Bilga was the oldest person left (from the Gadar Party), and he was also the president of the Desh Bhagat Yadgar Committee,” Anand said.
Bhagat Singh Bilga was born April 2, 1907, in the village Bilga in Punjab’s Jalandhar district. His father died when he was one. His maternal aunt took him to her village, but soon she died of plague. Her husband and Bilga’s grandmother raised him.
Bilga went to Kolkata in search of a job, and from there he went to Rangoon, Singapore, Hong Kong and Chile. In Argentina, he met Ajit Singh, the uncle of martyr Bhagat Singh, Ajit Singh. He joined the Gadar Party in 1930, eventually becoming the general secretary of the Argentina chapter.
The money he earned as a clerk in a railway store went to fund revolutionary outfits like Naujawan Bharat Sabha and Kirti Party. “Gaye the kamai karne ke liye, leke aye inqalab (We went to earn a living, and brought back revolution),” Bilga once said.
Bilga was sent to Moscow by the Gadar Party with 60 other Gadaris to learn politics, economics, military techniques and guerrilla warfare. In 1933, he received his orders to return to Punjab.
The Desh Bhagat Yadgar Memorial Hall, which he has helped establish, is a treasure trove for researchers, safekeeping over 17,000 books about India’s revolutionary history. There are handwritten statements of Gadaris, a British directory containing sketches and whereabouts of Gadaris, original copies of the movement’s handwritten newspaper, “Gadar” (in Punjabi and Urdu), which was published from San Francisco in 1913, and 2,000 rare pictures of revolutionaries.
“I have dedicated myself to this museum which has 35 other freedom fighters as its members,” Bilga once said. “It traces the life of each and every Gadari along with their photographs. We have collected them from their villages, relatives and friends, in India and abroad. And all this to tell the world that Englishmen didn’t leave India because a handful of Indians threw salt into their eyes. They left because we sent them packing.”
Every October, a five-day festival called Gadari Mela is hosted at the Yadgar Hall to celebrate the contributions of revolutionaries. It is attended mostly by families of martyrs of the Gadar Movement – 400 revolutionaries were hanged and 5,000 were sent to Kala Pani for life imprisonment; most of them never returned.
Tags: Bhagat Singh Bilga, Hindustan Gadar Party, Indian independence struggle, San Francisco, Ved Prakash Vatuk
5 comments:
the freedom struggle that led to Bhagat Singhs becomming known could have arissen thru his american contacts is news to xome
people who have lived the stuggle on the west......
maybe its time to dig up what really happened before 47 on the pakistanni side of the land
salil
I admit that I am not able to understand what you wanted to convey through this comment. However, I am publishing it in the hope that perhaps someone else may have a better luck in decoding the message.
Baba Bhagat Singh Bilga was a great Indian and we are proud of the work he and the rest of the Ghadar Party members did for the freedom of India from the British colonial masters.
Just landed here by chance (when I searched for Homeland of Patriots) and felt really good to read that you are from Poonch, a very remote corner of J&K. I was in that part 16-17 years ago. It was much peaceful then what it is now. My brother and sister used study there in a English medium school, I could not recollect the name. I recall that was the only reputed school at that time. I know this has nothing to do with your post on Bagat Singh but I could not resist my self from writing :).
Hello Mukesh,
Nice to have a casual letter like yours. I left Poonch about half a century ago, and much seems to have changed.
Let us hope that political problems in Kashmir are tackled in a humane way so that peace and tranquility returns to Jammu and Kashmir.
Though you left the place more than a century ago but the fact that you are still connected to your roots is appreciative.
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